Figure 4: POM aggregate formation at the microscopic scale.

Scanning electron micrographs of (a) pCNT (b) SL-CNT (c) ESD-NaPOM-CNT (d) ESD-NH4POM-CNT and (e) ESD-HPOM-CNT. Approximately 1.5 × 1013 PMo12O40 ions were loaded in the modified CNT electrodes. Green and blue circles in a represent the regions of CNT and carbon fibres, respectively. Red circles in c–e highlight microscopic aggregates observed on three ESD electrodes.