Figure 2: Enhanced adhesion beneath ultrathin substrates by cilia and glue.

(a–c) Blowing test for measuring critical pressure (Pc) of the substrates with various cilia length scales (a), cilia densities (b) and concentrations of PDMS glue solution in toluene (c) for different six samples. The thickness and width of the cilia were set to 1.8 and 10 μm, respectively. The olive and red regions represent PI (thickness=2 μm)/Cr (70 nm)/PI (2 μm) and PI (1.8 μm), respectively. The Cr interlayer was added for improving the optical contrast. The dashed lines at 0.15 kPa, corresponding to the most intensive air blowing achievable using a conventional hairdryer, were added for comparison.