Figure 2: Geographical distribution of PfMDR1 haplotypes at residues 86 and 184 and pfmdr1 copy number variations.

Data were compiled using the Sanger Pf3k data set (www.malariagen.net/apps/pf3k/release_3/index.html)8,29 and comprised 2,512 genomes. Pie charts represent proportions of PfMDR1 haplotypes (numerical data per country in Supplementary Table 1). Country colourings show average pfmdr1 amplification compared with the 3D7 reference genome with single-copy pfmdr1. Vertical bars in Southeast Asia show the proportions of haplotypes represented among pfmdr1 copy number variants. Vertical bars colouring: White: no pfmdr1 amplification; blue: pfmdr1 amplification plus NY haplotype; red: pfmdr1 amplification plus NF haplotype. Countries where PfMDR1 individual polymorphism data are available via WWARN (www.wwarn.org/tracking-resistance/molecular-surveyor-pfmdr1-pfcrt) are indicated in grey (data not evaluated herein due to the lack of combined N86 and Y184 status in the full data set).