Figure 2: Synthesis of O-IDTBR and EH-IDTBR acceptors.
From: High-efficiency and air-stable P3HT-based polymer solar cells with a new non-fullerene acceptor

The brominated indacenodithiophene core is first stannylated with trimethyltin chloride, then reacted via Stille coupling with 7-bromo-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-4-carboxaldehyde. Knoevenagel condensation with 3-ethylrhodanine yields the final product.