Table 2 Results of mass balance calculations for the late addition of water to the Moon assuming either a 400- or 1,000-km-deep LMO.

From: An asteroidal origin for water in the Moon

Chondrite type

10 p.p.m. H 2 O BSM (CC, kg)

%LM added

100 p.p.m. H 2 O BSM (CC, kg)

%LM added

300 p.p.m. H 2 O BSM (CC, kg)

%LM added

Max. H 2 O for 0.02% LM (p.p.m.)

Max. H 2 O for 0.4% LM (p.p.m.)

400-km-deep LMO

 CI

2.8E+18

<0.01

2.8E+19

0.04

8.4E+19

0.12

52

1,030*

 CM

3.4E+18

<0.01

3.4E+19

0.05

1.0E+20

0.14

42

850*

 CO

8.0E+18

0.01

8.0E+19

0.11

2.4E+20

0.33

18

360*

 CV

1.9E+19

0.03

2.0E+20

0.27

5.8E+20

0.81

7

150

 CR

8.1E+18

0.01

8.1E+19

0.11

2.4E+20

0.34

18

358*

 EC

7.9E+20

1.09

7.9E+21

10.88

2.4E+22

32.63

<1

<4

 OC uneq.

3.6E+19

0.05

3.6E+20

0.49

1.1E+21

1.47

4

81

 OC eq.

6.6E+20

0.91

6.6E+21

9.11

2.0E+22

27.32

<1

<5

1,000-km-deep LMO

 CI

4.8E+18

0.01

4.8E+19

0.07

1.4E+20

0.20

30

608*

 CM

5.8E+18

0.01

5.8E+19

0.08

1.7E+20

0.24

25

500*

 CO

1.4E+19

0.02

1.4E+20

0.19

4.1E+20

0.56

10

213

 CV

3.3E+19

0.05

3.3E+20

0.46

9.9E+20

1.37

4

87

 CR

1.4E+19

0.02

1.4E+20

0.19

4.1E+20

0.57

10

211

 EC

1.3E+21

1.85

1.3E+22

18.47

4.0E+22

55.41

<1

<3

 OC uneq.

6.0E+19

0.08

6.1E+20

0.83

1.8E+21

2.50

<3

48

 OC eq.

1.1E+21

1.55

1.1E+22

15.46

3.4E+22

46.39

<1

<3

  1. CC, carbonaceous chondrite; EC, enstatite chondrites; HSE, highly siderophile element; HVE, highly volatile element; LMO, lunar magma ocean; OC, ordinary chondrites.
  2. Mass of chondritic material, and corresponding percentage (%) of lunar mass (LM), required for the addition of 10, 100, and 300 p.p.m. H2O in 400- and 1,000km-deep LMO during the late accretion window (LAW) for different types of carbonaceous, enstatite and ordinary chondrites. Also included is the maximum amount of water that would be added to the Moon for accretion of 0.02% lunar mass (adhering to HSE abundance constraints24,25) and for up to 0.4% lunar mass (adhering to the upper limit defined by HVEs4,9) assuming scenario 1.
  3. *Indicates cases where accretion of chondritic material results in H2O abundances higher than BSM H2O estimates.
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