Figure 4: Negative frequency dependence and indirect effects of climatic covariates.
From: Direct effects dominate responses to climate perturbations in grassland plant communities

The relationship between the slope of negative frequency dependence and the absolute values of indirect effects of precipitation (‘Precip’), temperature (‘Temp’) and variability (‘Var’) perturbations on change in cover for each species. (a–e) Sites in Arizona, Idaho, Kansas, Montana and New Mexico, respectively.