Figure 1: Corneal keratinization and reduction of tear volume in Adcyap1^−/− mice.

(a–d) Low- and high-power images of the corneal surface showing pathological changes. Scale bars, 10 mm in a, 2 mm in b and c, and 50 μm in d. (e,f) Scoring of corneal keratinization in wild-type, Adcyap1^+/− and Adcyap1^−/− mice as described in Supplementary Fig. 1. The classification was evaluated on both sides, and the highest grade was used for the grading of male (e) and female (f) mice at different ages. (g,h) Tear volume measured with the cotton thread method in wild-type, Adcyap1^+/− and Adcyap1^−/− mice at different ages. The total wet cotton thread length from both eyes is shown for male (g) and female (h) mice. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 versus wild-type mice. (i,j) Relationship between the wet cotton thread length and the corneal grade in female Adcyap1^−/− mice. The dot plot graph shows the wet thread length for each eye of each grade expressed in terms of the mean±s.e. value (i). *P<0.05 versus Grade 0. The bar graph (j) shows the wet thread length of Grade 0 and Grades 1–3, based on the data in Fig. 1i.