Figure 3: MABr concentration effect on pinhole-free MAPbI3 thin films.

Top view of SEM images of (a) a pinhole-free high-quality MAPbI3 thin film and those treated with (b) 8 mg ml−1, (c) 4 mg ml−1, and (d) 2 mg ml−1 MABr solutions. Scale bars, 1 μm.