Figure 4: Mode of action of penicillin-binding proteins and binding mode of cyclic boronates.

(a) Outline mode of action of PBPs. (b) View from a structure obtained by co-crystallization of 2 with PBP 5 reveals the binding of cyclic boronates to PBPs. (c) The overlay compares the binding modes of 2 and hydrolysed cloxacillin in complex with PBP 5 (PDB ID: 3MZD).