Figure 7: PPX and PPX_Δ12 interfere with arterial and venous thrombosis in mice.

(a) Thrombosis was induced in the left carotid artery by topical application of 5% FeCl₃ applied for 3 min in F12^−/− or WT mice that were previously injected with buffer, PPX_Δ12 or PPX (300 mg kg⁻¹ BW each). Artery patency was monitored by a flow probe until complete occlusion occurred and zero flow was recorded for >10 min. Representative curves are shown from five independent experiments. (b) Pulmonary embolism induced by intravenous infusion of collagen–epinephrine. The survival time of WT or F12^−/− mice pretreated with buffer, PPX or PPX_Δ12 (150 mg kg⁻¹ BW each) was monitored. Mortality was assessed in each group of mice, and animals alive 30 min after challenge were considered survivors; **P<0.01, *P<0.05 versus buffer-treated WT by one-way analysis of variance, NS=non-significant. (c) Collagen–epinephrine-challenged mice were intravenously infused with Evans blue shortly after the onset of respiratory arrest, while the heart was still beating or after 30 min for those animals that survived. Lungs were excised and perfusion defects were analysed. Occluded parts of the lungs remain their natural pinkish colour. Scale bar, 5 mm.