Figure 3: Experimental detection of APR-EMCD.

(a) Representative ADF image of the scanned area and (b) its line profile. A smoothed profile was used to identify individual minima and maxima, based on which a mask has been defined (c) with blue and yellow regions marking summation areas centred at d/4 to the right or left of the atomic columns. Their width is determined by local steepness of the ADF line profile. (d) Example of the two CPD components with line profiles of their maps. (e,f) Note the strong correlation between the second CPD component (blue) and the overlayed ADF line profile shown in grey colour. The EMCD-like component also shows such a tendency, but the correlation is weaker. (g) Spectral differences obtained before the subtraction of the second CPD component and (h) after the subtraction. Note how the subtraction of the second CPD component leads to a higher number of spectra showing clear EMCD signature in (h). Spectral differences were calculated from scaled spectra, so that their average peak value at L₃ edge equals to one. In g and h, the individual spectral differences were vertically offset by 0.02 and 0.015, respectively.