Figure 3: Comparative mGWAS between rice and maize.

(a) The global view and relationships of comparative mGWAS results between rice and maize. I: oriented homologous loci between rice and maize. Links in colour represent homologous loci of different types of metabolites between rice and maize. Red: flavonoid; blue: nucleic acid; green: alkaloid, amino acid and fatty acid; yellow: polyamine and polyphenol; cyan: others and unknown. II: schematic diagram of chromosomes of rice and maize. The scale of chromosomes in maize is half of that in rice. III: bar plot of loci with candidate genes in rice and maize according to their −Log₁₀(P) value. (b) Co-linear genomic regions and homologous loci (or genes) of di-C, C-pentosyl-apigenin between rice grains and maize kernels. Os06g18670 and Os06g18790 are homologous (or orthologous) to GRMZM2G383404. Os06g18820 is homologous to GRMZM2G114801. Bar plots for the messenger RNA level of Os06g18670 (c) and the content of di-C, C-pentosyl-apigenin (d) in transgenic individuals. WT: the transgenic background variety ZH11. The P value is calculated using the Student’s t tests. Data are shown as the means±s.e.m., n=3.