Figure 3: Pd-catalyzed alkoxycarbonylation of β-methylene C(sp³)–H bonds and γ-methyl C(sp³)–H bonds.

Reaction conditions: 1 (0.15 mmol), Pd(OAc)₂ (10 mol%), Ag₂CO₃ (2.0 equiv.), I₂ (1.0 equiv.), ClCO₂R (3.0 equiv.), toluene (2.0 ml), 120 °C, air, 16 h. Isolated yield. ^a20 mol% succinc anhydride was used. ^b140 °C.