Figure 2: α-Ketoester as substrates and its transformations.

Scope of the reaction (a,b) and synthetic transformation of the reductive coupling product (c). The reactions were performed on 0.1 mmol scale (condition as in Table 1, entry 1). Isolated yields base on ketoesters 2. *The reaction was carried out at 5 mmol (ketoester) scale. **Relative configuration. MCPBA, 3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid.