Figure 4: Hydrological records from tropical Pacific.

Hydrologic records from the PA of tropical western Pacific (W1—mean grain size of Cattle Pond sediments, W2—inferred seawater δ¹⁸O of Indonesia⁷ and W3—δD_wax data from Indonesia marine sediment for the C₃₀ n-acids⁸) and NA of eastern mid-tropical Pacific (M1—inferred lake salinity of Washington Island¹⁷, E1—sand percentages of El Junco lake sediment¹³ and E2—red colour intensity of Laguna Pallcacocha sediment¹²). Site locations are given in Figure 1. All time series are three-points smoothed (except E2, 30-points smoothed) and normalized to standard Z-scores. Standard Z-scores are calculated according to Z=(X−V)/SD; here X is original value, V is the averaged value of the time series, and SD is the standard deviation of the time series. In all records, blue indicates relatively wet periods, and red relatively dry periods.