Figure 5: Differences in evidence among levels of biodiversity.
From: Disaggregating the evidence linking biodiversity and ecosystem services
Biodiversity was measured as variety at one of four levels: species; functional groups; taxonomic groups broader than species; and ecosystems. (a) Number of relationships reporting biodiversity at each level. Colours denote levels of biodiversity measured: green=ecosystems; light green=functional groups; blue=taxonomic groups; light blue=species. (b) Balance of evidence for studies measuring species diversity, compared with studies measuring diversity at higher levels of organization (G-tests; total: G=2.56, d.f.=2, P=0.278, n=163; functional: G=0.74, d.f.=2, P=0.689, n=30; management: G=1.40, d.f.=2, P=0.496, n=54; spatial: G=3.66, d.f.=2, P=0.161, n=79). Pie charts are scaled such that their areas (not radii) are proportional to the number of relationships. Colours denote the sign of the reported relationship: blue=positive; red=negative; yellow=not significant. See Fig. 1 for description of three linkage types.
