Table 2 Biomarker staging of AD pathology in the HC and MCI-NP groups.

From: Basal forebrain degeneration precedes and predicts the cortical spread of Alzheimer’s pathology

 

Subgroups

 

HC Aβ+

MCI-NP Aβ+

t -test

Demographics

 Sex (male, female)

28 (15, 13)

39 (24, 15)

t=1.29, P=0.20

 Age (s.d.)

75.61 (5.50)

73.05 (6.96)

t=1.67, P=0.10

 Education (s.d.)

15.39 (3.32)

16.26 (2.71)

t=1.13, P=0.26

Cognitive measure

 Logical memory (immediate)

14.73±0.60

7.51±0.43

t=9.72, P<0.001

 Logical memory (delayed)

13.51±0.67

4.27±0.52

t=10.86, P<0.001

 RAVLT (immediate)

8.14±0.54

3.79±0.40

t=6.44, P<0.001

 RAVLT (delayed)

8.0±0.58

2.77±0.45

t=7.12, P<0.001

 RAVLT (recall)

13.05±0.34

9.64±0.47

t=5.88, P<0.001

 Boston Naming Test

27.81±0.42

26.01±0.84

t=1.91, P=0.03

 Semantic Fluency A

19.45±0.65

15.63±0.68

t=4.05, P<0.001

 Semantic Fluency V

14.26±0.61

10.57±0.51

t=4.66, P<0.001

 CDR

0.01±0.03

0.49±0.01

t=14.87, P<0.001

  1. AD, Alzheimer’s disease; CDR, Clinical Dementia Rating; HC, healthy control; MCI-NP, mild cognitive (who did not progress to probable AD); RAVLT, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test.
  2. Within subjects, values for each neuropsychological test were first averaged across the three time points of the study, to produce the most reliable estimate. Tabled values are the mean of each subgroup±s.e.m. All t-statistics are independent samples t-tests, with 65 degrees of freedom (equal variances not assumed). Cognitive differences are assessed using a one-tailed alpha. Age and education values are in years.