Figure 4: Crystalline phase conversion analysis. | Nature Communications

Figure 4: Crystalline phase conversion analysis.

From: Nonstoichiometric acid–base reaction as reliable synthetic route to highly stable CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite film

Figure 4

(a–d) X-ray diffraction patterns of PbI2 film (a), HPbI3 film (b), CH3NH3PbI3 films by NABR (c) and control one-step method (d) at different reaction stages represented by dip-coated wet film (bottom curve), spin-coated films before baking (middle curve) and after baking (top curve). (e) Crystallographic illustration between NABR conversion from PbI2, to HPbI3 (H+ ions are included to indicate stoichiometry but are actually mobile around [PbI3]− column), then to intermediate CH3NH3PbI3·DMF, finally to CH3NH3PbI3 and conventional conversion from MAI+PbI2 using DMF as solvent, to CH3NH3PbI3·DMF, then to CH3NH3PbI3.

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