Figure 1: Valence states of the triangular and tetrahedral elementary blocks.

Ten variants (Δ1–Δ10) of valence states for the triangular elementary block Au3 and 15 variants (T1–T15) of valence states for the tetrahedral elementary block Au4 due to constituent Au atoms having three possible flavours (b for bottom flavour, m for middle flavour and t for top flavour), and the requirement of duet rule (that is, having 2e valence electrons). Colour code of Au atom: magenta (b), dark yellow (m) and yellow (t).