Figure 3: sST2 inhibits the malignant growth of mouse CRC cells.

(a) RT-PCR analysis of ST2L, sST2 and Il1rap mRNA expression in NM11-shCont, NM11-shsST2, LuM1-VC and LuM1-sST2 cells. Gapdh served as the loading control. (b) qRT-PCR analysis of ST2L and sST2 mRNA expression in NM11-shCont, NM11-shsST2, LuM1-VC and LuM1-sST2 cells. The expression levels are presented as the ratio to the expression of Gapdh mRNA (n=3). (c) Secretion of sST2 into the culture supernatants by NM11-shCont, NM11-shsST2, LuM1-VC and LuM1-sST2 cells (n=3). (d) In vitro growth of NM11-shCont, NM11-shsST2, LuM1-VC and LuM1-sST2 cells (n=3). (e) Invasive ability of NM11-shCont, NM11-shsST2, LuM1-VC and LuM1-sST2 cells (n=15 fields). Scale bar: 200 μm. (f) Tumour growth formed by NM11-shCont and NM11-shsST2 cells. The cells (3 × 105 cells) were subcutaneously implanted with 50% Matrigel into BALB/c mice (n=7 mice per group). (g) Spontaneous lung metastasis of the tumours formed by NM11-shCont and NM11-shsST2 cells (n=7 mice per group). Scale bar: 1 cm. (h) Tumour angiogenesis. CD31 staining of cryostat sections of the tumours formed by NM11-shCont and NM11-shsST2 cells (left) and the vessel density (right) (n=15 fields). Scale bar: 100 μm. (i) Tumour growth formed by LuM1-VC and LuM1-sST2 cells. The cells (3 × 105 cells) were subcutaneously implanted with 50% Matrigel into BALB/c mice (n=7 mice per group). (j) Spontaneous lung metastasis of the tumours formed by LuM1-VC and LuM1-sST2 cells (n=7 mice per group). Scale bar: 1 cm. (k) Tumour angiogenesis. CD31 staining of cryostat sections of the tumours formed by LuM1-VC and LuM1-sST2 cells (left) and the vessel density (right) (n=15 fields). Scale bar: 100 μm. (l) Orthotopic tumour growth. NM11-shCont, NM11-shsST2, LuM1-VC and LuM1-sST2 cells (1.5 × 105 cells) were implanted into the caecal walls of BALB/c mice (n=11, 8, 9 and 8 mice, respectively). Scale bar: 1 cm. (m) Incidence of spontaneous macroscopic liver metastasis of the tumours formed by NM11-shCont, NM11-shsST2, LuM1-VC and LuM1-sST2 cells. Scale bar: 1 cm. (n) Vessel density as assessed by CD31 staining. n=5, 15, 30 and 5 fields for NM11-shCont, NM11-shsST2, LuM1-VC and LuM1-sST2 tumours, respectively. The data are shown as the mean±s.d. *P<0.02, **P<0.005, ***P<0.001 by Student’s t-test.