Figure 8: Working model for TRIM31 inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

(a) In resting macrophages, the constitutively expressed TRIM31 binds to NLRP3, promotes K48-linked ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of NLRP3, and maintains its low expression. (b) Following NLRP3 inflammasome activation, TRIM31 expression is markedly induced by LPS and IL-1β, resulting in the inhibition of NLRP3 expression and subsequent inflammasome activation.