Figure 1: Anomalies in ocean temperature and nitrate in the Santa Barbara Channel.
From: Extreme warming challenges sentinel status of kelp forests as indicators of climate change
Monthly anomalies in (a) bottom temperature at 7–10 m depth and (c) bottom nitrate concentrations at 7–10 m depth. Occurrence and duration of (b) heatwaves defined as five or more consecutive days when the mean bottom temperature was warmer than the 90th percentile and (d) low nitrate events lasting at least 21 days with mean daily bottom nitrate concentrations<1 μmol l−1. The anomalously warm years of 2014–2015 are shown in red.
