Figure 4: Origin and mechanism of the enhanced photocatalytic performance in CdS/Ti3C2 system.

(a) The influence of the co-catalyst’s surface area on the photocatalytic activity. The error bars are defined as s.d. (b) The influence of the co-catalyst’s surface F to O atomic ratio on the photocatalytic activity. The error bars are defined as s.d. (c) The charge separation and transfer in the CdS/Ti3C2 system under visible-light irradiation. Red and blue spheres denote photo-induced electrons and holes, respectively. (d) Proposed mechanism for photocatalytic H2 production in the CdS/Ti3C2 system under visible-light illumination. Green sphere denotes H+. White, grey, red, yellow, cyan and gold spheres denote H, C, O, S, Ti and Cd atoms, respectively.