Figure 1: Evolving 2D foams into hexagonal bubble arrays.
From: A general patterning approach by manipulating the evolution of two-dimensional liquid foams
(a) Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of the patterned surface and schematic diagram for showing the parameters of the pillars: the radius, R, the height, h and the central distance of adjacent pillars, a. (b) Side view of confined 2D space consisting of a flat glass coverslip and the patterned surface. (c) A video recording from a top view was made of the formation of hexagonal bubble arrays (Supplementary Movie 1 for complete evolution). (d) Magnified image of the gas-liquid interface during the evolution to illustrate the effect of the pillars on the evolution of 2D foams. Bubbles with radii of curvature of R1, R2 and R3, show three states of growing bubble: free growth, exactly filling the hexagonal cell (reaching the hexagonal cell’s maximum circle size) and deformation. Scale bars, a 20 μm, c 100 μm, d 30 μm.
