Figure 4: Primary hepatocytes transduced with LV-TGIF2 formed pancreatic organoid structures.

(a) Micrographs of primary HEPs grown in three-dimension (3D) culture conditions for E10.5 mouse pancreas progenitor cells. Control (CTRL) primary hepatocytes failed to grow in the same conditions. All organoid structures shown in the figure were generated from LV-TGIF2-transduced primary hepatocytes. Bar, 100 μm. (b) IF staining on cryosections of LV-TGIF2-organoids for GFP (green), SOX9 (blue) and PDX1 (red). Hoechst (Hoe) nuclear counterstain in grey. Scale bar, 20 μm. (c) Whole-mount IF staining of pancreatic explants transplanted with LV-TGIF2-organoids. Insets are magnifications of the areas in the white boxes and shown as single channel images. Left panel, arrows indicate GFP-positive grafted cells that are positive for PDX1 and NKX6.1 (n=6, IF exp.). Middle panel, arrow indicates GFP-positive cell that is amylase-positive (n=5, IF exp.). Right panel, arrows indicate GFP-positive grafted cells expressing endocrine markers, insulin or glucagon (n=6, IF exp.). Dashed yellow line marks pancreatic epithelium. Scale bar, 50 μm.