Figure 4: GREM1 is a key regulator of BGZ topology. | Nature Communications

Figure 4: GREM1 is a key regulator of BGZ topology.

From: Diverse feather shape evolution enabled by coupling anisotropic signalling modules with self-organizing branching programme

Figure 4

(a) Compared with the controls, GREM1 mis-expressed adult chicken primary remiges have reduced vane width and increased BGZ width. Boxes indicate the vane boundaries between BGZ and vanes magnified below. Scale bars: 5 mm for the leftmost panel, 500 μm for the right two panels. (b) Comparing vane widths (n=4), barb-rachis angles and barb lengths (n=10) in control and GREM1 mis-expressed feathers. Error bars denote s.d. **P<0.01, *P<0.05, NS, not significant. (c) RCAS-GREM1 infected neonatal remiges not only had an expanded BGZ but also a branched rachis. Boxed regions are magnified on the right. Dotted red lines highlight the rachis. Scale bar, 100 μm. (d) GREM1 soaked beads reduced nuclear pSMAD1/5/8 staining in the neighbouring epithelial cells. Boxed regions are magnified on the top-left corner. Dashed lines highlight the beads. Scale bar, 100 μm.

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