Figure 6: RA signalling can directly inhibit GREM1 expression. | Nature Communications

Figure 6: RA signalling can directly inhibit GREM1 expression.

From: Diverse feather shape evolution enabled by coupling anisotropic signalling modules with self-organizing branching programme

Figure 6

(a) Insertion of AG1x8 beads soaked in 1 mg ml−1 RA into dorsal plumes’ BGZ pulp significantly decreased GREM1 expression compared with the DMSO treated controls. Dashed lines highlight the bead. Scale bar, 100 μm. (b) qPCR for GREM1 in pulp cells from four types of feathers treated with different doses of RA (n=3). Error bars denote s.d. (c) Two conserved (chicken, turkey, zebra finch) DR1 type RAREs were identified close to the GREM1 genomic locus. DR1-1 (highlighted in red) is in the active promoter region (H3K4me3 peak). The peak regions called by MACS are highlighted by blue bars. (d) DR1-1 downregulated its downstream gene expression upon RA treatment while a DR5 trimer had the opposite effect in dual luciferase assays (n=4). Error bars denote s.d. **P<0.01, NS, not significant.

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