Figure 9: Schematic diagram summarizing the regulatory role of the Id1/IGF2/VEGF/VEGFR1 cascade in oesophageal cancer progression. | Nature Communications

Figure 9: Schematic diagram summarizing the regulatory role of the Id1/IGF2/VEGF/VEGFR1 cascade in oesophageal cancer progression.

From: Cancer cell-secreted IGF2 instigates fibroblasts and bone marrow-derived vascular progenitor cells to promote cancer progression

Figure 9

IGF2 secreted by Id1-expressing cancer cells activates fibroblasts to secrete VEGF which exerts paracrine effects in the tumour microenvironment, as well as instigates VEGFR1+ bone marrow cells in the tumour macroenvironment to facilitate distant metastasis.

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