Figure 7: Comparison with GTT.

(a) Contact angle probability distributions P(θ) for 2.8 μm diameter polystyrene (PS) particles at the water/n-decane interfaces measured using FreSCa cryo-SEM (red) and AFM-GTT (green). The latter was performed in the presence of isopropanol as a spreading solvent that makes the colloids more hydrophobic. The average error in the individual data points is of 3.5° and 3.6° for the FreSCa cryo-SEM and the AFM–GTT respectively. (b) SEM image of the polystyrene (PS) particles embedded into the PDMS. The exposed part was originally immersed in the water phase. Scale bar, 2 μm. (c) AFM image of the PS particle protruding from the PDMS surface. The long-range order at the interface reflects the typical behaviour of hydrophobic particles. Lateral scan size 50 μm. The z-scale has been expanded for clarity; maximum particle height in the image: 958 nm. (d) Cryo-SEM image of 2.8 μm PS particles at the water/n-decane interface. The short shadows demonstrate the particle hydrophilicity. Scale bar, 2 μm.