Figure 2: Characterizations of DNA molecules.

(a) Melting temperature curves for Aq-DNA and u-DNA with ultraviolet–vis absorption spectroscopy, where arrows indicate the melting points. (b) Circular dichroism study for Aq-DNA and u-DNA, where the negative band at around 245 nm, and positive band at ∼265 nm indicates double helical structure for both Aq-DNA and u-DNA. (c) Reversible redox reaction of the anthraquinone moiety involving two electrons in aqueous solution. (d) Cyclic voltammograms of Aq-DNA immobilized on gold substrate with potential sweeping rate varying from 0.01 (black line) to 0.1 V·s−1 (green line) showing oxidation and reduction peaks.