Figure 3: Two conductance states of Aq-DNA under gate voltages.

(a–c) Conductance histograms of Aq-DNA with the gate voltage set above (0.085 V in a), at (−0.002 V in b) and below (−0.078 V in c) the redox potential, where the red curves are Gaussian fits to the conductance peaks. (d–f) Populations of Aq-DNA in the oxidation (Aq) and reduction (H2Aq) states at the corresponding gate voltages. (g) Conductance values at different gate voltages showing two discrete conductance states, high (circled with magenta line) and low (circled with blue line) conductance states. Conductance error is determined by the fitting error of the Gaussian distribution. Gate voltage error is determined by the variations in the quasi-reference electrode (Supplementary Fig. 3a).