Figure 2: Core clock gene expression in young and old flies.

(a) Age-dependent expression of three clock genes (RNA-seq). Each period of ZT 0–20 represents a distinct biological replicate. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals reported by Cuffdiff. (b) qRT-PCR expression of per, tim and Clk in heads of females aged to 5, 55 and 75 days. Expression is reported as per cent of peak expression in day 5 flies. Data are mean (from two cycles)±s.e.m. (c) PER western blot from heads of young or old w flies collected at indicated ZT. The arrow indicates PER protein, with estimated molecular weight of 127-130 kDA, depending on the phosphorylation status. (d) PER levels (mean±s.e.m.) from western blot in c; n=3 biological replicates. (b,c) *P≤0.05; **P≤0.01; ***P≤0.001; ****P≤0.0001 (two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction; day 55 change is relative to day 5 values, and day 75 change is relative to day 55 values).