Figure 3: Effects of PEGylated carbon nanomaterials on cytokine secretion.
From: PEGylated graphene oxide elicits strong immunological responses despite surface passivation
(a) Atomic force microscopic (AFM), scanning electron microscopic (SEM) and TEM images of graphene oxide, carbon spheres and carbon nanotubes, respectively. Scale bars: 200 nm. (b) Inflammatory cytokines secreted by macrophages when exposed to different PEGylated carbon nanomaterials, normalized by surface area and concentration. (c) Conjecture for interaction modes between carbon nanomaterials and cell membranes resulting in different levels of cytokine secretion.
