Figure 1: Cambroctoconus orientalis from the mid-Cambrian Changhia Formation in Shandong Province. | Nature Communications

Figure 1: Cambroctoconus orientalis from the mid-Cambrian Changhia Formation in Shandong Province.

From: A stem-group cnidarian described from the mid-Cambrian of China and its significance for cnidarian evolution

Figure 1

All specimens are silicified and etched out by hydrochloric acid. (a) SNUP7001, holotype, comprising more than 10 individuals. Note the small circular structures on the surface of the cups, which represent incipient offsets. (b) SNUP7002, with three individuals. (c) SNUP7003, note that the growing direction of the offsets is opposite to that of the parental cup. (d,e) SNUP7004, two offsets grew from an incompletely grown parental cup. (d) Plan view. (e) Lateral view. (f, g) SNUP7005, two offsets budded from the rim of the parental cup. (f) Plan view. (g) Lateral view. (h,i) SNUP7007, an offset grown from the inside of the parental cup. (h) Plan view. (i) Lateral view. (j,k) SNUP7008, a specimen displaying a longitudinal cut view of a small offset. (j) Plan view. (k) Lateral view. (l,m) SNUP7009, a specimen displaying a longitudinal cut view of the parental cup with a tubular structure at its base. The dotted rectangle is magnified in (m) to show the basal cavity and tubular structure (white arrow). (n,o) SNUP7010, partly broken cup showing the subhorizontal element and basal cavity. Two pieces are complementary to each other. (p) SNUP7011, specimen with subhorizontal element. (q,r) SNUP7013, a partially broken specimen showing clearly impressed growth lines. Vertical depressions represent the position of paired septa at corners. (q) Plan view. (r) Partly cut lateral view. (s–u) Specimens with a conical protuberance. (s) SNUP7014, longitudinal-cut view. (t,u) SNUP7015. (t) Plan view. (u) Partly cut lateral view. (v) SNUP7016, specimen with two tubular structures, longitudinal-cut view. (w) SNUP7017, a fragmentary specimen showing incompletely preserved septa. (x) SNUP7018, a specimen with a holdfast of the offset on the parental cup (white arrow). Note that the holdfast of the offset is solid and clearly distinguished from the perforated wall of the parental cup. (y) SNUP7019, a detached cup showing the base of the holdfast. The scale bar is 10 mm for a–v (except m), and 5 mm for w–y.

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