Figure 1: The hydroxycinnamoyl-shikimate pathway in angiosperms and the P. patens hydroxycinnamoyl-threonate pathway established in this study.
From: A phenol-enriched cuticle is ancestral to lignin evolution in land plants

The figure shows p-coumaroyl-2-theonate as PpCYP98 substrate, but p-coumaroyl-4-threonate is also converted by the enzyme. The p-coumaroyl-shikimate molecule is drawn according to the structure experimentally determined by Levsh et al.39.