Figure 6: Polarization reversal investigated by PFM.
From: Quinuclidinium salt ferroelectric thin-film with duodecuple-rotational polarization-directions
The panels in each row are arranged as the sequence: the topographic image (left), the vertical PFM amplitude image (middle) and the phase image (right) of the surface. (a–c) PFM images of the as-prepared thin-film surface. (d–f) PFM images after the first polarization writing (switching) with positive tip-bias of +20 V. (g–i) PFM images after the second polarization writing in a smaller area with tip-bias of −25 V. The yellow and red contrast in phase images indicate the regions with polarization oriented upward and downward, respectively. The temperature-dependent PFM imaging technique was also employed to visualize the evolution of domain structures during the paraelectric–ferroelectric phase transition, as shown in Supplementary Fig. 9. All the panels have the same scale bar.
