Figure 2: Reversible chemistry of Li-SO2 batteries under carbonate-based electrolyte.

(a) Galvanostatic discharge/charge profile of Li-SO2 cell at a current density of 0.2 mA cm−2. (b) Galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) analysis result of Li-SO2 cell. The specific capacity was normalized by the mass of carbon loading whose average mass in a gas electrode was ∼0.8±0.1 mg. (c) In situ gas analysis during charge process of the Li-SO2 cell by DEMS. (d) Ex situ X-ray diffraction spectra of gas electrodes for Li-SO2 cells. (e) Corresponding ex situ SEM images of the gas electrodes of Li-SO2 cells (scale bar, 300 nm; scale bar, 5 μm (2–5)).