Figure 1: Electrical control of nonreciprocal microwave transmission.
From: Magnetoelectrical control of nonreciprocal microwave response in a multiferroic helimagnet
(a,b) Illustration of nonreciprocal microwave transmission in ferroelectric helimagnets. The strong magnetoelectric coupling of a toroidal magnon in the transverse conical magnetic state provides the nonreciprocity, which is the difference in the refractive indices between oppositely propagating microwaves. The microwave nonreciprocity as well as spin helicity can be controlled by an electric field. (c) Experimental set-up of the microwave measurement. (d) Cross-sectional view of the (001) plane and the alternating magnetic field Hω and electric field Eω of microwaves in the experimental set-up.
