Figure 3: Comparison of theoretical and experimental Landau spectrum.
From: Emptying Dirac valleys in bismuth using high magnetic fields

(a) Colour plot of magnetoresistance. The large drop in magnetoresistance is visible as blue regions at high field near the binary axis. (b) Angular evolution of the second derivative of magnetoresistivity, d2ρ/dB2. Peaks are caused each time a Landau level crosses the Fermi level. (c) Colour plot of the same data reveals the angle-dependent Landau spectrum. Bright lines corresponding to the evacuation of electron and hole Landau levels are identified. The 0e− level is marked with a black dash line. (d) Plot of the theoretical Landau spectrum assuming a small misalignment. The bright lines are the Landau levels for electrons (e) and holes (h), some of which are indexed. When the 0e− level of a valley crosses the Fermi level, it becomes empty. Note that the blue regions in a coincide with the region in d (highlighted with a circle), where three Landau levels (two electron and one hole) simultaneously cross the chemical potential.