Figure 3: Pre- and postnatal differences in metal uptake between non-ASD control and ASD discordant and concordant twin pairs.

Patterns in lead, manganese and zinc distribution over the developmental period studied are shown for (a) non-ASD control monozygotic (MZ) twin pair, (b) ASD discordant MZ and dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs and (c) ASD concordant MZ twin pair. Red lines indicates ASD twins and blue/green, control co-twins. Grey dashed line denotes time of birth. Element levels are reported as metal ion counts (208Pb, 55Mn, or 66Zn) relative to an internal standard (43Ca).