Figure 7: Schematic diagram summarizing the mechanisms of succinate induced osteoclastogenesis with hyperglycaemia.
From: Succinate and its G-protein-coupled receptor stimulates osteoclastogenesis
Under hyperglycaemic condition, BMSCs accumulate and release succinate into the bone microenvironment. Succinate binds to its G-protein coupled receptor SUCNR1 to stimulate OC differentiation and bone resorption. Targeting succinate action either through the activation or expression of SUCNR1 or reduction of succinate level, effectively blocks osteoclastogenesis activated by succinate in hyperglycaemic conditions.
