Figure 3: Seaway opening evolution for the last 42 Ma in context of the Greenland–Scotland Ridge subsidence history.

(a) Salinity (‰) and ocean velocity (cm s−1; velocities <0.5 cm s−1 are not shown) maps at water depths of 50 m for the model scenarios (EO) at different sill depths of the Greenland–Scotland Ridge (GSR). (b) Modelled salinity and velocity profiles across the GSR section (Fig. 1) for the preindustrial (PI) and Miocene GSR sill depths are displayed in context of the subsidence evolution as derived from DSDP site 336 (refs 21, 22).