Figure 4: Automatic vaccine strain recommendations based on the H3N2 viruses monitored in China.

(a) Season by season vaccine strain recommendations for the influenza seasons from 2002–2003 to 2009–2010 based on the H3N2 viruses monitored in China before March 15 of each year from 2002–2009. Dynamic changes in predicted antigenic clusters were monitored by quarter. For clarity, the antigenic clusters prior to 2002 are not shown. Asterisks indicate the dates (March 15 in this case) for vaccine strain recommendation. Gray backgrounds indicate winter seasons in the Northern Hemisphere. The coloured backgrounds indicate the season in which the predicted vaccine strains were to be used. Different coloured lines represent different clusters. (b) A comparison of the predicted and WHO-recommended vaccine strains for targeting dominant strains in China. Colours used represent clusters as in (a). Vaccine strains recommended by WHO (WHO-recommended vaccine) were extracted from the WHO website55,56,57,58,59,60.