Figure 5: Variations of electric current with time in the light and in the dark.
From: Growth of non-phototrophic microorganisms using solar energy through mineral photocatalysis

The semiconducting mineral in the P-chamber is rutile, and the bacterium in the C-chamber is A. faecalis in soil extract. Light was provided with wavelength of 380–760 nm and an intensity of ~13.5 mW cm−2. The presence of electric current under the dark condition is inferred to be due to naturally present redox couples in soil extract.