Figure 3: Cx43 and clock-gene expression rhythms in rats and their correlation with micturition rhythm.

(a) Patterns of UVVM in female SD rats under LD conditions for 2 days (n=15, 1,001 micturitions; F(2.7[degrees of freedom [DF] for the time factor],38.3[error DF])=11.9; *P<0.005 by one-way repeated measures ANOVA with a GreenhouseāGeisser correction). (b) Temporal mRNA accumulation of Per2 Bmal1 and Cx43 in the rat bladder under LD and DD conditions (n=5 and n=2 for each time point, respectively). MaxCorrs were 0.87, 0.90 and 0.84 in LD conditions, respectively, and 0.98, 0.95 and 0.93 in DD conditions, respectively. (c) Temporal Cx43 protein accumulation in the rat bladder under DD conditions as shown by immunoblotting. (d) Immunostaining of Cx43 in the rat bladder under DD conditions (red, Cx43; blue, DAPI). The scale bar indicates 100 μm. Error bars represent s.e.m. in a, and s.d. in b. For the relative expression, maximal values were set as 1 in b.