Figure 3: Phylogeny of the C. wheeleri group of fungus-growing ants and outgroup species. | Nature Communications

Figure 3: Phylogeny of the C. wheeleri group of fungus-growing ants and outgroup species.

From: Symbiont fidelity and the origin of species in fungus-growing ants

Figure 3

The phylogeny was generated by Bayesian (shown) and maximum-likelihood analyses of 1,043 bp of mtCOI and 634 bp of nuclear wingless genes from 138 taxa (96 unique genotypes). Large coloured boxes indicate ancestral associations of ants with the cultivar clades shown in Fig. 2, as reconstructed in BayesTraits (all posterior probabilities ≥0.98). Although geographic speciation events within C. wheeleri s.l. and C. muelleri s.l. were not associated with shifts in cultivar association, five observed shifts in cultivar association were consistently associated with ant speciation events, for example, in C. costatus s.l. (sp. 1 versus sp. 2), C. longiscapus s.l. (sp. 1 and sp. 3 versus sp. 2) and at the origin of C. muelleri (C. muelleri s.l. versus C. longiscapus s.l.). Divergence-date estimates from Bayesian relaxed-clock analyses are indicated for major lineages. Coloured circles indicate Bayesian posterior probabilities (above branch) and maximum likelihood bootstrap proportions (below branch); small coloured labels beside taxon names indicate localities; numbers in parentheses refer to the number of samples belonging to a given ant genotype; and names in non-bold type indicate ant species for which fungal cultivars were not available. Ant heads from top to bottom: C. cf. costatus sp. 2, C. wheeleri sp. 2, C. cf. longiscapus sp. 2, C. longiscapus sp. 3 (syntype specimen) and C. muelleri sp. 2.

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