Figure 3: CAS-dependent hypersensitive response (HR) cell death.

(a,b) HR after inoculation with avirulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 (avrRpt2) (OD₆₀₀=0.05). (a) HR lesions on the left side of leaves at 14 h. (b) Ion leakage after inoculation was measured at the indicated time points in leaves of wild-type (WT; black line) and cas-1 knockout (red line) plants. Data are the means±s.e.m. of six discs from three replicates. (c) NbCAS-silenced N. benthamiana plants display a delay of cell death. Four- to five-week-old NbCAS-silenced plants were infiltrated with Agrobacterium containing the NtMEK2^DD expression vector. Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) was used as an experimental control. Pictures are taken at 3 days after inoculation. (d) Ion leakage at 3 days after infiltration with Agrobacterium containing GUS or NtMEK2^DD was measured in silenced leaves. Data are the means±s.e.m. of six discs from three replicates. Significance was determined using Student's t-test (*P<0.05).