Figure 1: Schematics and properties of junctions.

(a) Junction configuration and (b) equivalent circuits for PCMO(PCSMO)/Nb:STO and LSMO/Nb:STO junctions. (c) Temperature dependence of in-plane resistivities for PCMO, PCSMO and LSMO films under various external magnetic fields. The arrows indicate the direction of temperature variation. The dashed line was used to present the ρ–T of PCMO film measured at 12 T field for clarity. (d) Current density–voltage (left axis) relations for three junctions and capacitance–voltage (right axis) characteristics for LSMO junction measured at 300 K. The dashed line is the extrapolation of liner fitting for 1/C2−V curve of LSMO junction with the intercept on voltage axis ~0.38 V. In both c and d, the black, red and blue curves present the data for PCMO, PCSMO and LSMO samples, respectively. Here PCMO, PCSMO, LSMO and Nb:STO stand for Pr0.5Ca0.5MnO3, Pr0.55(Ca0.75Sr0.25)0.45MnO3 , La0.65Sr0.35MnO3 and Nb-doped (0.01 wt%) SrTiO3.