Figure 5: Differential promoter methylation in mammary glands of EE2 offspring.

(a) Heat maps of differentially methylated gene promoter regions in EE2 offspring (green, n=3) compared with controls (red, n=3). Hypermethylation and hypomethylation are presented separately. MBDCap-seq method was used to access DNA methylation levels. (b) Promoter methylation levels of the polycomb target genes (PcTGs) Foxe3, Gata4, Pax6, Runx3 and Vgf on PND50 rat mammary glands of F1–F3 generation female offspring of Sprague–Dawley rat dams (F0) fed EE2 or control diet during gestation. Data are presented as relative intensity of methylation (mean±s.e.m., n=3 per group), ISIMA statistical approach (see Methods section for details). P<0.05 is considered significant; exact P-values are shown in each plot.