Figure 3: Galls of H. miyabei and N. distyliicola.
From: An insect-induced novel plant phenotype for sustaining social life in a closed system
(a) A spiny gall of H. miyabei formed on H. japonica. (b) An inside view of a gall of H. miyabei containing a number of aphids and a large mass of honeydew (arrow). (c) Hydrophobic inner gall wall of H. miyabei on which added water forms sphere. (d) Transmission electron microscopy of the inner gall wall of H. miyabei, in which a well-defined surface wax layer is seen. (e) A fig-shaped gall of N. distyliicola formed on D. racemosum. (f) An inside view of a gall of N. distyliicola containing a number of aphids but no honeydew globules. (g) Hydrophilic inner gall wall of N. distyliicola on which added water spreads and wets the surface. (h) Transmission electron microscopy of the inner gall wall of N. distyliicola, where a spongy wax layer is seen. CW, cell wall; In, inner side of the gall; PC, plant cell; V, vacuole; WL, waxy surface layer.
